Рефераты по иностранным языкам

The genius of Winston Churchill

16 Мая 2011, курсовая работа

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was a British politician known chiefly for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. He served as Prime Minister from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, an historian, writer and artist. To date, he is the only British Prime Minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the first person to be recognised as an Honorary Citizen of the United States.

The Great Palace of Tsarskoye Selo (the Catherine Palace)

24 Января 2012, реферат

The display of the Catherine Palace (known until 1910 as the Great Palace of Tsarskoye Selo) museum covers the almost 300-year history of this outstanding edifice and presents the work of architects involved in its construction and decoration in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and also with the achievements of the restorers who returned the palace to life after the Second World War. Of the 58 halls destroyed during the war years, 32 have been recreated.

The history of english lexicography

19 Ноября 2011, реферат

The history of lexicography of the English language goes as far back as the Old English period where its first traces are found in the form of glosses of religious books with interlinear translation from Latin. Regular bilingual English-Latin dictionaries already existed in the 15th century.

The History of SUSHI

11 Марта 2012, реферат

We can trace sushi's origin back to the 4th century BC in Southeast Asia. As a preserved food, the salted fish, fermented with rice, was an important source of protein. The cleaned and gutted fish were kept in rice so that the natural fermentation of the rice helped preserve the fish. This type of sushi is called nare-zushi, and was taken out of storage after a couple of months of fermentation, and then only the fish was consumed while the rice was discarded.

The history of translation

17 Марта 2012, курсовая работа

Translation is a very ancient kind of human activity. As soon as groups of people with different languages were born in human history, bilinguals appeared and they helped to communicate between collectives of different languages.

The idea

19 Апреля 2013, реферат

The idea that scary stories can be positive for kids has precedents among psychologists. The psychoanalyst Bruno Bettelheim (in The Uses of Enchantment) has argued that classic fairy tales help children work through the intrapsychic turmoil of early childhood. Anxiety is part of life, and these stories can help you deal with it. Even if you don’t buy that, it is not difficult to see how certain lessons of resiliency and good judgment might be gleaned from stories like "Hansel & Gretel." From here, it is a short jump to viewing children’s movies as modern fairy tales.

The importance of teaching English pronunciation

08 Марта 2013, курсовая работа

Theoretical part deals with the perceptions of The importance of teaching English pronunciation, Modelling pronunciation, Aspects of pronunciation, The Role of Teaching Pronunciation in FLT. Practical part deals with the correcting learners' pronunciation mistakes, the ways and methods of correcting students pronunciation mistakes, Correcting Without Hurting, Exercises for the Pronunciation of Plurals for English second language.

The Influence of FDI on Export Performance: The Case of Kyrgyzstan

27 Октября 2011, курсовая работа

The research is aimed on investigation of theoretical relationship between Foreign Direct Investments and exports. It provides the theory of Multinational Enterprises, Flying Geese model, Product Life cycle theory and New Growth theory. Also there is an observation of previous works in the literature review.

The Internet

16 Декабря 2010, доклад

The Internet, a global computer network which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive a nuclear war Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. Because of tliis, any two computers on the Internet will be able to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology is called packet swithing. Owing to this technology, if some computers on the network are knockcd out (by a nuclear explosion, for example), information will just route around them. One such packet-switftfng network which has already survived a war is the Iraqi computer network which was not knocked out during the Gulf War.

The JAZZ Story

09 Июня 2011, реферат

In the span of less than a century, the remarkable native American music

called Jazz has risen from obscure folk origins to become this country's

most significant original art form, loved and played in nearly every land on

earth.

The language of business correspondence

15 Мая 2012, реферат

English of business correspondence possesses some important qualities, common for formal style of English as well.
The language of business correspondence is very bookish and remarkable for the usage of larger and more exact vocabulary in comparison with informal style of communication. Sentences in documents are longer and their clauses are grammatically fitted together more carefully that means a lot of practice for a person who draws up a document. Formal business correspondence should be more impersonal. It should not emphasize the individuality of the writer, taking into account the personal qualities of people who are going to make use of it.
One more problem is that formal English lacks force and vividness...

The life of Abraham

28 Марта 2013, реферат

“In the Torah, Abraham's story is found in Lekh Lekha. In the Bible, it is the same, in Genesis, but is also commented on in the New Testament. In the Koran, Abraham can be found mentioned throughout, revered as one of the great prophets of the Muslim faith. In all three holy books, and in all three faiths, Abraham is revered as a father and a founder. The Bible calls him "our spiritual faith." Archaeology knows him as literally impossible to trace. History calls him the father of monotheism and originator of a great battle - spanning centuries - for pride and a little place: the land of Israel.”

The Lumber Room

15 Января 2013, реферат

The text under analysis is written by an outstanding British novelist and short story writer Hector Munro. Hector Hugh Munro (December 18, 1870 – November 13, 1916), better known by the pen name Saki, was a British writer, whose witty and sometimes macabre stories satirized Edwardian society and culture. He is considered a master of the short story and is often compared to O. Henry and Dorothy Parker.

The mass media in the life of Society

22 Июня 2010, доклад

Modern life is hardly possible without information. Of course friends & relatives keep us informed about what is happening in the world, but such information is second-hand, & therefore is not at all reliable. It is the mass media that provide us with first hand & reliable information.The mass media plays an important role in our life. Millions of copies of newspapers are printed in our country every day. The role of the press can hardly be overestimated, particularly at present. It keeps you informed in the latest news, different events, home and foreign affairs, news of culture, science and engineering development. But publishing news is not the only purpose of the press. There are many other purposes, which can be achieved by the press. It enriches our knowledge and broadens our outlook.

The most important event in my life

16 Февраля 2012, сочинение

People have their own path, on which he walks. In this way, under the name of life, we find joy, sorrow, disappointment, love, success and failure. Life is like an ocean, it can be quiet, uniform, beautiful, but it can be stormy, rainy, menacing. And, certain events can change everything: with a uniform, quiet life changed on a brutal, full of betrayals life. I believe that life is not a fairy tale about Cinderella; it is a real, full of betrayals independent way fight for the truth. Man must act for the benefit of themselves and their families. As I said, some events can change a person's life, it happened to me. But that changed was correct, in my opinion.

The national economy

12 Сентября 2011, доклад

The national economy includes the sectors of the production sphere, where material social product is created, and sectors of the nonproduction sphere, where non-material services are performed. Material production is in turn divided into those sectors that produce the means of production (subdivision I of social production) and those sectors that produce consumer goods (subdivision II).

The object of stylistic study. Branches of stylistics. Stylistics and other linguistic disciplines

04 Апреля 2013, доклад

Another problem has to do with a whole set of special linguistic means that create what we call «style». Prof- J- R- Galperin offered his definition of style s a system of interrelated language means which serves a definite aim in communication». According to Prof. Y. M. Skrebnev «style is what differentiates a group of homogeneous texts (an individual text) from all other groups (other texts)... Style can be roughly defined as the peculiarity, the set of specific features of a text type or of a specific text».

The Oil refining plant in Nigeria

16 Декабря 2011, творческая работа

The Oil refining plant in Nigeria basic configuration is intended for processing 6 (12) million tones of oil (ЕRHA) to a fuel-lubricant variant.

The peculiarities of marketing strategy development in Сhina

10 Марта 2013, реферат

Since the 1970s,when China’s foreign trade policy was liberalized ,many Western firms have been very enthusiastic about capturing this market of over one billion consumers. On average ,throughout the 1980’s ,China was visited by one Western government advisor every week.This interest of Western authorities and businesses can be compared with Western interests in Japan,a far more important trading partner.Western businesses’ interest in China decreased somewhat after the Tiananmen Square incident in 1989.

The police make arrest

25 Февраля 2013, доклад

One sunday evening a police sergeant and a constable knocked at the door of Number 10 Royal Row.
"Mr. Williams ?" said the sergeant."We have reason to believe that there is stolen property in this house. we'd like to see your son , Jim". Gary looked at the policeman suspiciously. "what's he done?"
"the doorstep isn't a good place to talk ? isn't it, sir?" said the sergent. "May we come inside?"
Gary hesistated. the he said , "Have you got a warrant?"

The political system of the USA

28 Февраля 2013, сочинение

The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, with the District of Columbia as the seat of the national government. Each state has its own government and the state governments follow much the same pattern. The system of the federal, or national, government defined in the Constitution, is based on the separation of powers among three branches: the exectutive, the legislative and the judicial. This system provides a series of checks and balances because each branch is able to limit the power of the others. Before major changes can be made there must be agreement between all the branches.

The Prison Industry in the United States: Big Business or a New Form of Slavery?

04 Мая 2013, реферат

Human rights organizations, as well as political and social ones, are condemning what they are calling a new form of inhumane exploitation in the United States, where they say a prison population of up to 2 million – mostly Black and Hispanic – are working for various industries for a pittance. For the tycoons who have invested in the prison industry, it has been like finding a pot of gold. They don’t have to worry about strikes or paying unemployment insurance, vacations or comp time. All of their workers are full-time, and never arrive late or are absent because of family problems; moreover, if they don’t like the pay of 25 cents an hour and refuse to work, they are locked up in isolation cells.

The purpose of state punishment

05 Марта 2013, лекция

To begin with, it is necessary to say that punishment is an integral part of modern countries’ legal systems, because countries have a duty to protect society from wrongdoers and authorities could reach success in it by punishing offenders. Oxford English Dictionary defines punishment as the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offence. There are four main purposes of punishment – incapacitation, deterrence, retribution and rehabilitation – and the aim of this paper is to describe and analyze them and also to determine which purpose might be regarded as the most important.

The Republic of Kazakhstan

12 Октября 2011, реферат

The Republic of Kazakhstan, situated at the heart of Eurasia, appeared on the geopolitical map just 15 years ago. The name Kazakh, which is of Turkic origin, is thought to mean “free man”; an appropriate moniker for a land historically populated by freedom-loving nomads.


For thousands of years, these nomads tended vast cattle herds, pasture lands and the fertile soils of the region’s foothills and river valleys. Both the historic Silk Road and Sable Route, along which expensive furs were transported, passed through the region making Kazakhstan an important cultural, trade and economic bridge between Asia and Europe.

The Republic of Plato

28 Октября 2011, курсовая работа

Аccording to Plato (427-347 BC), the human soul consists of three parts: namely the appetitive (sensory) part of the affective (emotional) and rational (reasonable) portions. Virtue is important for the appetitive part of the soul, - temperance, virtue, which is important for the affective part of the soul, - courage, and, finally, the virtue which is important for the rational part of the soul - wisdom. Virtue which is manifested in the presence of mutual harmony of these three parts is justice. In accordance with these three parts of the soul consists of three people of social classes. The bulk of the citizens, including merchants, artisans and farmers, form the lower class, corresponding to the appetitive part of the soul. Public employees (guards) are middle class, in charge of the emotional soul.

The review of muslim criminal law with protection to the Human Rights

05 Марта 2013, реферат

The muslim world is characterized by a growing influence on the global level, nowadays. Its determinative aspects generates a general change in the social structure and ordinance of the countries with other state of thinking. In this context, the muslim (islamic) law plays the most important role, it why I decided to study this section of muslim world reported to occidental values of human rights.

The role and function of commercial activities in the private business enterprise "Olymp"

22 Ноября 2011, курсовая работа

Today, trade is one of the main sectors of the economy of Ukraine. She first felt in a process of denationalization and privatization, which is an integral element of a problem of goods and services due to changes in the structure of market demand, its opportunistic fluctuations and the increasing intensification of competition.

The Russian Federation

05 Декабря 2011, реферат

The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about one seventh of the earth's surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometers. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the south, Russia borders with China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west, it borders with Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Byelorussia, the Ukraine. It also has a seaboard with USA. "

The Selfish Giant

04 Декабря 2011, контрольная работа

It was a large lovely garden, with soft green grass. Here and there over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars, and there were twelve peach-trees that in the spring-time broke out into delicate blossoms of pink and pearl, and in the autumn bore rich fruit. The birds sat on the trees and sang so sweetly that the children used to stop their games in order to listen to them. 'How happy we are here!' they cried to each other.

The stylistic analysis of Hemingway’s “The Old Man and the Sea"

05 Июля 2011, курсовая работа

In modern English the word “style” is polysemous. The Oxford dictionary gives the following entry:
“Style noun (plural styles)
1. the way something is done, made, said, or written etc.
2. elegance.
3. the part of a pistil that supports the stigma in a plant.