Среднеанглийские письменные памятники

 

   From all pilgrims Chauser compares to animals only the Seller of indulgences, in this plan it differs from others:

    Let's lead the analysis consonant and sonorant structure of two fragments representing a portrait of the Knight and the Seller of indulgences. Investigating a phonetic level of two fragments we have drawn some conclusions:

    The analysis of a phonetic level has shown, that in a fragment where the portrait of the Seller of indulgences is presented, long vowels ([u prevail:], [e:], [o:]) while in a fragment «the Portrait of the Knight» long vowels practically are not present, but the consonant  structure differs a lot of combinations [rth], [fr], [tr], [rt], and so on (basically a combination « r+consonant sound» or « a consonant +r»). In comparison with a fragment from «the Portrait of the Seller of indulgences» the phonemic structure assumes abrupt, sharp sounding, it depends in the first fragment, in « the Portrait of the Seller of indulgences», sounding more evfonichny. Thus, it is possible to be convinced that in an image of the Knight the impression about courage of the hero is supported, despite of some lacks of an image. In an image of the Seller, on the contrary, feature of feminity in every possible way is emphasized and is one of key characteristics of the Seller.   

THE STORY OF THE SELLER OF INDULGENCES

    Right at the beginning of research, we shall consider the phonemic level of the story, namely - the introduction. Below it is presented the phonemic analysis shock and unaccented vowels:

   463: i-au- -i-o-a-o-a-i

   464: -o- -o-a-au-e- -o-i

   465: a-i-a-a-i-a-a-e

   466: e-a-i-a-u-a-i-e

   467: e-au-e- -a-e:-o-ai-a-i

   468: a-e- -a-o-a-i- -o-e-i-i

   469: u-i-e-o:- -e- -a-i-i

   470: i-i-a-e- -e-i-u-i

   471: i-u- -ui-e-a-o-i-a

   472: i-o- -e:-o-e-a-o-a-a

   473: a -i-i-i-i-o- -e:-e-e-

   474: u:-i-o-o-i-e-o-e-

   475: e-u:-a-e- -i-o-i-u:

   476: a-e-o-e-a-o- -i- -u:

   Analyzing the phonemic structure of vowels, it is easy to see, that introductory lines of the story (first two) the most harmonious, practically melodic,  owing to the open vowels. Further opened front vowels are replaced closed front vowels .

  The consonant structure also reflects some changes in a tonality of a narration:

   463: n fl…ndr w…l…m w…z k…mp…n

  464: f j…ng f…lk …t h…nt…d…n f…l

   465: z r…t h…z…rd st…z nd t…v…rns

   466: w…r s w… h…rps l…ts nd g…t…rns

   467: …j d…ns nd pl…n at d…z b… d…j nd n…ht

   468: nd t…n ls nd dr…nk…n v…r h…r m…ht

   469: r…h w..ch …j d…n th d…v…l s…kr…f…z

   470: w… …n …t d…v…l…z t…mpl n k…rzd w…z

   471: b s…p…rfl…t bh…m…n…bl

   472: h…r …s b…n s gr…t nd s d…mpn…bl

   473: …t t z gr…zl f…r t h…r h…m sw…r

   474: r bl…st l…rd…s b…d …j t…t…r

   475: h…m …ht …t j…ws r…nt h…m n…ht n…h

   476: nd ch f h…m t …rs s…n l…h

  Alliteration communicate phonetic and semantic the first introductory lines of the story, and are opposed with the next lines, describing  a life of  lotharios. In first two lines repeat fl, fk, dominate sonorant sounds. The next lines quality of phonetic structure - combinations of consonants r, s, z, t do lines by the extremely dissonant in comparison with evfonic in the first lines. Strengthening effect of «disharmony», a line 465-467 «are loaded» by consonants, concentration consonants increases, the quantity of deaf explosive consonants increases. As a whole, sounding becomes dissonant, strained. The story-teller represents the heroes in the most unseemly light and uses all means for strengthening repellent impression.

   The greatest interest attitudes of lexical parallelism between some words which are established by the author appeal.

  Chauser often enough uses lexical parallelisms as its storyteller in the reasoning on human defects is very emotional, and his speech is colourful [16,114]. Attitudes of lexical parallelism are established by means of different external attributes. Most often parallelism constructed on a rhyme is met.  Thus, the similar parallel defines new attitudes between rhymed words and expands the word meanings caused by interference. We shall show the most interesting examples:

    By consideration of the story, we have lead the analysis of rate of significant lexical units in the story of the Seller of indulgences, as some words repeating in the text of product (with the certain frequency appearing) create a certain colour of product, supporting its semantic and emotional orientation, correspond to a plot of

the story and create pragmatical potential of the text[17,54]. The reader has an issued picture of the world or outlook of the story-teller. We are received following results:

   Let's note the brightest opposition «God» - «devel» « the God - a devil» (the word «God» is the most common in the text of the story while the second on rate of the use takes last place). But it is necessary to consider, that in the prevailing majority the name of the Lord is used in damnations, oathes and blasphemies (the story-teller or itself appeals to His name, or gives of a word of the heroes)[18,69]:

      In connection with research of rate of lexical units we also have addressed to a problem of a semantic field. Having lead analysis a semantic field of the story of the seller of indulgences, we send to a following conclusion: considering rate of the use of words: the most common are words calling defects of protagonists and societies as a whole: «dronkenesse» («пьяноство»), «hazard» («азартные игры»), « riot» (« беспорядки»), «glotonye»  (« чревоугдие»), « swerying» («божба»), «homicide»(« человекоубийство»"), these values can be reduced to one more abstract value – « vice» («порок») or « sin»(« грех»). Thus main word in the given text the word «vice» will be. The word «vice» is used in the text only two times, but it - uniting for the text and corresponds to a semantic orientation of the text. As we have noted, the word «vice» is used only two times in the text, but is it main word. The matter is that the story-teller addresses to concrete concepts of perversity [19,19], concrete examples: